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Parachuting, also known as skydiving, is the action of exiting an aircraft and returning to earth with the aid of a parachute. It may or may not involve a certain amount of free-fall, a time during which the parachute has not been deployed and the body gradually accelerates to terminal velocity. The history of skydiving starts with Andre-Jacques Garnerin who made successful parachute jumps from a hot-air balloon in 1797. The military developed parachuting technology as a way to save aircrews from emergencies aboard balloons and aircraft in flight, later as a way of delivering soldiers to the battlefield. Early competitions date back to the 1930s, and it became an international sport in 1952. Parachuting is performed as a recreational activity and a competitive sport, as well as for the deployment of military personnel Airborne forces and occasionally forest firefighters. A skydiving center can be a commercial operation or a club, usually operates at an airport, and provides one or more aircraft that takes groups of skydivers up for a fee. An individual jumper can go up in a light aircraft such as a Cessna C-172 or C-182. In busier drop zones (DZ) larger aircraft may be used such as the Cessna Caravan C208, De Havilland Twin Otter DHC6 or Short Skyvan. A typical jump involves individuals exiting an aircraft (usually an airplane, but sometimes a helicopter or even the gondola of a balloon), at anywhere from 1,000 to 4,000 meters (3,000 to 13,000 feet) altitude. If jumping from a low altitude, the parachute is deployed immediately; however, at higher altitudes, the skydiver may free-fall for a short period of time (about a minute) before activating a parachute to slow the landing down to safe speeds (about 5 to 7 minutes). When the parachute opens (usually the parachute will be fully inflated by 800 meters or 2,600 feet) the jumper can control the direction and speed with toggles on the end of steering lines attached to the trailing edge of the parachute, and can aim for the landing site and come to a relatively gentle stop. All modern sport parachutes are self-inflating "ram-air" wings that provide control of speed and direction similar to the related paragliders. Purists in either sport would note that paragliders have much greater lift and range, but that parachutes are designed to absorb the stresses of deployment at terminal velocity. By manipulating the shape of the body in freefall, a skydiver can generate turns, forward motion, backwards motion, and even lift. When leaving an aircraft, for a few seconds a skydiver continues to travel forward as well as down, due to the momentum created by the plane's speed (known as "forward throw"). The perception of a change from horizontal to vertical flight is known as the "relative wind", or informally as "being on the hill". In freefall, skydivers generally do not experience a "falling" sensation because the resistance of the air to their body at speeds above about 50 mph (80 km/h) provides some feeling of weight and direction. At normal exit speeds for aircraft (approx 90 mph (140 km/h)) there is little feeling of falling just after exit, but jumping from a balloon or helicopter can create this sensation. Skydivers reach terminal velocity (around 120 mph (190 km/h) for belly to Earth orientations, 150-200 mph (240–320 km/h) for head down orientations) and are no longer accelerating towards the ground. At this point the sensation is as of a forceful wind. 12-way formation with videographer seen in upper-right corner Jump with Russian flagMany people make their first jump with an experienced and trained instructor – this type of skydive may be in the form of a tandem skydive. During the tandem jump the instructor is responsible for emergency procedures in the unlikely event that they will be needed, therefore freeing the student to concentrate on learning to skydive. Other training methods include static line, IAD (Instructor Assisted Deployment), and AFF (Accelerated Free fall) also known as Progressive Free-Fall (PFF) in Canada. From Wikipedia under the
GNU Free Documentation License InitialismLEAP
leap (third-person singular simple present leaps, present participle leaping, simple past leaped, leapt, or archaically lept or lope, past participle leaped, leapt, or archaically lopen)
From Wiktionary under the
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Thu, 03 May 2012 04:36:42 -0700 Rossi lept into the dug-out and repeatedly tried to punch the player before being dragged away by team officials. "The decision to sack him is a must due to the values this club has followed over the last few years," said club owner Andrea Della Valle. Smartphones increasingly a two-horse race
Tue, 01 May 2012 11:21:02 -0700 According to IDC's break-down of global smartphone shipments for the first quarter, Samsung lept to the top spot ahead of Apple /quotes/zigman/68270 /quotes/nls/aapl AAPL for the period, with about 42.2 million units shipped compared to 35.1 million ... From Google News Search: "lept" A Writer Lept to a Wrong Conclusion
Mark Nichol, dailywritingtips.com 2012-03-30 04:35:53 While reading an otherwise well-written and well-edited book, I was bemused to note that the number of high school students in the United States had lept from one total to another over a given span of years. ... English, but gaining in popularity on this side of the Pond), but the writer can be forgiven for assuming that just as the past tense of creep is crept and those of keep, sleep, sweep, and weep are kept , slept, swept, and wept, leap takes a past-tense leap to lept . Babies lept into the world | Star News
Heidi Quanrud, erstarnews.com 2012-03-30 17:24:39 Babies lept into the world. By Heidi Quanrud on March 30, 2012 at 12:24 pm ... All five of the Leap Day babies born at Princeton came into the world early and four of the five were delivered by Caesarean section. Callan Rutherford. And while ... From Google Blog Search: "lept" Lept Organization, Skydiving and Leap @ Lept.org An informational site about Lept Organization, Skydiving and Leap. www.lept.org Skydiving (Formation, Skydive, Fall, Jumps) @ Lept.org Skydiving. Includes Parachute, Safety, Equipment, Skydiver, Parachuting, Ground, Deployment, Skydivers, Head and Jump information plus more related topics on Lept.org www.lept.org/news/skydiving C-172 Information (Model, Cessna, Aircraft, Skyhawk) @ Lept.org C-172 Information. Includes Force, Continental, Introduced, Lycoming, Federal Aviation Administration, Cessna Citation, Production, Flight, Increase and Fuel ... www.lept.org/c-172/encyclopedia.htm Parachute Information (Parachutes, Parachute Jump, Canopy, Jump ... Parachute Information. Includes Aircraft, Deployment, Speed, Pilot Chute, Fall, Parachute Design Appears, Word Parachute, Army, Descent and Lines information plus ... www.lept.org/parachute/encyclopedia.htm From Bing Site Search: "lept" Leapt | Define Leapt at Dictionary.com
verb a simple past tense and past participle of leap. dictionary.reference.com/browse/Leapt Lept Organization, Skydiving and Leap @ Lept.org
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